Resumo A análise de dados genômicos, metagenômicos e proteômicos com curadoria é de suma importância nos campos da biologia, medicina, educação e bioinformática. Embora esse tipo de dados geralmente seja hospedado em formato bruto em repositórios internacionais gratuitos, o acesso total requer muita capacidade de computação e grande espaço em disco de armazenamento para o usuário doméstico. Os objetivos do estudo são oferecer um conjunto abrangente de bancos de dados de referência genômica e proteômica microbiana de forma acessível e fácil de usar para a comunidade científica e demonstrar suas vantagens e utilidade. Além disso, apresentamos um estudo de caso sobre a aplicabilidade dos dados esboçados para a determinação da coerência genômica geral entre dois membros da família Brucellacea, o que sugere que eles pertencem às mesmas genomoespécies que permanecem como ecótipos discretos. Um conjunto representativo de genomas, proteomas (de material tipo) e metagenomas foi coletado diretamente do banco de dados NCBI Assembly e do banco de dados de taxonomia do genoma (GTDB), associada aos principais grupos de bactérias, Archaea, vírus e fungos. Bancos de dados esboçados foram subsequentemente criados e armazenados em representações reduzidas práticas usando o algoritmo MinHash implementado no software Mash. O conjunto de dados obtido contém mais de 133 GB de espaço em disco reduzido para 883,25 MB e representa 125,110 registros genômicos/proteômicos de oito contextos informativos, que foram pré-filtrados para torná-los acessíveis, utilizáveis e amigáveis com recursos computacionais limitados. Os usos potenciais desses bancos de dados esboçados são discutidos, incluindo, mas não se limitando, a delimitação de espécies microbianas, estimativa de distâncias genômicas e novidades genômicas, comparações emparelhadas entre proteomas, genomas e metagenomas, exploração e seleção filogenética de vizinhos, entre outros.

Abstract The analysis of curated genomic, metagenomic and proteomic data is of paramount importance in the fields of biology, medicine, education, and bioinformatics. Although this type of data is usually hosted in raw format on free international repositories, the full access requires lots of computing power and large storage disk space for the domestic user. The purpose of the study is to offer a comprehensive set of microbial genomic and proteomic reference databases in an accessible and easy-to-use form to the scientific community and demonstrate its advantages and usefulness. Also, we present a case study on the applicability of the sketched data, for the determination of overall genomic coherence between two members of the Brucellacea family, which suggests they belong to the same genomospecies that remain as discrete ecotypes. A representative set of genomes, proteomes (from type material), and metagenomes were directly collected from the NCBI Assembly database and Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), associated with the major groups of Bacteria, Archaea, Virus, and Fungi. Sketched databases were subsequently created and stored on handy reduced representations by using the MinHash algorithm implemented in Mash software. The obtained dataset contains more than 133 GB of space disk reduced to 883.25 MB and represents 125,110 genomics/proteomic records from eight informative contexts, which have been prefiltered to make them accessible, usable, and user-friendly with limited computational resources. Potential uses of these sketched databases are discussed, including but not limited to microbial species delimitation, estimation of genomic distances and genomic novelties, paired comparisons between proteomes, genomes, and metagenomes; phylogenetic neighbor’s exploration and selection, among others.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de soluciones de irrigación endodónticas solas y combinadas sobre iones calcio y fosfato de la dentina radicular ex vivo. Se emplearon 56 discos de dentina obtenidos del tercio medio radicular de premolares inferiores unirradiculares extraídos por razones ortodóncicas. Los discos se dividieron al azar en 8 grupos (n=7). Grupo I: agua destilada (AD), Grupo II: hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) 1 %, Grupo III: EDTA 17 %, Grupo IV: ácido maleico (AM) 5 %, Grupo V: ácido acético (AA) 5 %, Grupo VI: EDTA 17 % + NaClO 1 %, Grupo VII: AM 5 % + NaClO 1 %, Grupo VIII: AA 5 % + NaClO 1 %. Los segmentos de dentina permanecieron en contacto a 37° C durante 5 min y 2,5 minutos en cada solución cuando se usaron en forma sucesiva. Se determinó la concentración de iones calcio de las soluciones mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica y la concentración de iones fosfatos mediante colorimetría (Wienner Lab.). Los resultados se expresaron en mg/ml/gr de tejido. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó ANOVA y Test de Tukey. AA 5 % y EDTA 17 % se comportaron de manera similar utilizados solos durante 5 minutos, NaClO 1 % no mostró diferencias con el AD. AM 5 % eliminó significativamente más calcio y fosfato que todos los grupos. Todas las soluciones desmineralizaron la dentina, pero AM 5 % durante 5 min fue la solución que más afectó el componente inorgánico de la dentina.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate ex vivo irrigating solutions effect under calcium and phosphates dentin ions, using them alone and combined. In this study 56 dentin discs where used. They were obtained from middle third of mandibular single-root premolars extracted for orthodontics reasons. Discs were randomly divided into 8 groups (n:7). Group I: Distilled water (DW), Group II: 1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group III: 17 % EDTA, Group IV: 5 % maleic acid (MA), Group V: 5 % acetic acid (AA), Group VI: 17 % EDTA + 1 % NaOCl, Group VII: 5 % MA + 1 % NaOCl, Group VIII: 5 % AA + 1 % NaOCl. Dentin segments were kept in contact with irrigating solutions at 37°C for 5 minutes, when used alone, or for 2.5 minutes when used combined. After that, calcium ions (using absorption atomic spectrometry) and phosphorus ions (by colorimetry Wienner Lab.) were determined. Results were expressed in mg/ml/g tissue. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test. 5 % AA and 17 % EDTA eliminated similar concentrations of calcium and phosphates ions from dentin at 5 minutes exposure time, while 1 % NaOCl did not present statistical differences with control. 5 % MA eliminated significantly more calcium and phosphates ions than the rest of analyzed groups. Every tested solutions demineralized human dentin, but 5 % MA used for 5 minutes did it the most.

Resumo Atualmente, um dos maiores problemas ambientais ao nível do globo é a perda de solo por erosão hídrica. O agente erosivo pode provocar perdas significativas de nutrientes e matéria orgânica, principalmente quando a superfície do solo suporta um reduzido coberto vegetal. Em Portugal, o fogo controlado é uma prática comumente utilizada no controlo da disponibilidade de combustível e consequente redução do risco de incêndio. Contudo, esta prática remove em grande parte a cobertura vegetal, deixando o solo mais exposto aos processos erosivos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do fogo controlado na erosão hídrica em áreas de matos do Parque Natural de Montesinho, NE Portugal. Após o fogo, foram instaladas 6 parcelas de erosão de 4 m2 cada (4 × 1 m), para avaliação da perda de solo e do escoamento superficial na área queimada. Os resultados englobam 8 meses de ensaio (março a dezembro de 2021), e as colheitas foram realizadas por cada evento de precipitação, perfazendo um total de 6 avaliações. O volume de água de escoamento e a perda de solo (massa de sedimentos) foram obtidos através de cálculos que englobaram o escoamento, os sedimentos transportados para o interior dos reservatórios de colheita do escoamento e os sedimentos depositados na parte frontal das parcelas de erosão (colocação de um dispositivo que permite a recolha dos sedimentos transportados). A quantidade média de perda de solo foi de 15,4 g m-2, o escoamento superficial médio foi de 1,4 mm, traduzindo-se num coeficiente de escoamento de 4,2%. Para avaliação das perdas de C e N, os sedimentos foram separados em 4 classes de tamanho (<0,2mm, 0,2-0,5mm, 0,5-2mm, >2mm) e analisadas em laboratórios as concentrações de C e N. A baixa precipitação total, durante o período de ensaio, ocasionou baixos valores de escoamento e, portanto, baixos valores de perda de solo, de C e de N.

Abstract Currently, one of the biggest environmental problems at the global level is the soil loss by water erosion. The erosive agent can cause significant losses of nutrients and organic matter, especially when the soil surface supports a reduced vegetation cover. In Portugal, prescribed fire is a commonly used practice to control the fuel availability and consequently reduce the wildfires risk. However, this practice removes the vegetation cover, leaving the soil more exposed to erosive processes. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the effect of prescribed fire on water erosion in shrub areas of the Montesinho Natural Park, NE Portugal. After the fire, 6 erosion plots of 4 m2 each (4 × 1 m) were installed to assess soil loss and runoff in the burned area. The results encompass 8 months (March to December 2021), and samples were collected for each rainfall event, making a total of 6 evaluations. The runoff and soil loss (sediment mass) were obtained through calculations that encompassed the runoff, the sediments transported into the runoff collection reservoirs and the sediments deposited on the front of the erosion plots (placement of a device that allows the collection of transported sediments). The average of soil loss was 15.4 g m-2, the average of runoff was 1.4 mm, corresponding to a runoff coefficient of 4.2%. To evaluate C and N losses, the sediments were separated into 4 size classes (<0.2mm, 0.2-0.5mm, 0.5-2mm, >2mm) and analyzed in laboratory the C and N concentrations. The low total precipitation, during the test period, caused low runoff values and, therefore, low losses of soil, C and N.

RESUMEN El fibrohistiocitoma maligno es el sarcoma de partes blandas más frecuente en adultos; es poco frecuente como tumor primario cutáneo. Presenta predilección por el sexo masculino con una mayor incidencia entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida. Se localiza predominantemente en las extremidades. Presentamos a continuación el caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico de fibrohistiocitoma maligno localizado en hallux de pie derecho y realizaremos una revisión de la literatura.

ABSTRACT Malignant fibrohistiocytoma is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in adults; it is rare as a primary cutaneous tumor. It presents a predilection for males with the highest incidence between the fifth and sixth decade of life. It is located predominantly on the extremities. We will perform a literature review. We present below the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with malignant fibrohistiocytoma located in hallux of the right foot.

Abstract Omorgus (Omorgus) suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) is a species of Trogidae whose feeding habits allow them to associate with any source of keratin, including the feces of various omnivorous species; however, it has not been reported in the feces of carnivorous mammals. The objective of this work is to report, for the first time, the attraction of O. suberosus to excreta of two species of carnivorous mammals in captive conditions in remnants of sub-evergreen forest in the central region of Chiapas, Mexico. Systematic monthly sampling was carried out for one year, using pitfall traps baited with feces of six species of mammals (herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores) native to the region, to verify their effectiveness in attracting beetles. Eighteen individuals of O. suberosus were captured during four months of the sampling cycle. Despite using a wide variety of excreta for beetle sampling, individuals were only attracted to feces of the two carnivorous mammal species: Canis latrans Say, 1823 and Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758). Their tolerance towards anthropized environments is reaffirmed and the capture of the specimens suggests a marked seasonal presence.

Resumen Omorgus (Omorgus) suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) es una especie de Trogidae cuyos hábitos alimenticios les permite asociarse a cualquier fuente de queratina, incluidas las heces de diversas especies omnívoras; sin embargo, no se ha reportado en excretas de mamíferos carnívoros. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar, por primera vez, la atracción de O. suberosus a excretas de dos especies de mamíferos carnívoros en condiciones de cautividad en remanentes de selva subperennifolia de la región central de Chiapas, México. Se realizaron muestreos sistemáticos mensuales durante un año, utilizando trampas de caída cebadas con excretas de seis especies de mamíferos (herbívoros, carnívoros y omnívoros) nativos de la región, con el fin de verificar su efectividad para la atracción de escarabajos. Se capturaron 18 individuos de O. suberosus durante cuatro meses del ciclo de muestreo. A pesar de utilizar una amplia variedad de excretas para el muestreo de escarabajos, los individuos fueron atraídos únicamente a heces de las dos especies de mamíferos carnívoros: Canis latrans Say, 1823 y Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758). Se reafirma su tolerancia hacia los ambientes antropizados y la captura de los ejemplares sugieren una marcada presencia estacional.

RESUMEN Comúnmente, los ingenieros estructurales diseñan superestructuras como empotradas en la base y transmiten las reacciones a la infraestructura para diseñar el sistema de cimientos y estimar los desplazamientos del suelo, obviando el cambio en la respuesta sísmica que esto induce. En este artículo se transformó el sistema de cimientos en resortes equivalentes y se comparó y cuantificó la respuesta sísmica en el rango lineal, obteniendo resultados como aumento de los períodos, aumento de las cuantías de acero de refuerzo en vigas (entre 7% y 25 %) y columnas (entre 29% y 39%) un aumento de la cantidad de estribos por metro lineal (entre 3 % y 11 % en columnas y entre 5 % y 45 % en vigas) y las derivas (entre 1 % y 14 %), y una disminución de cortantes basales (hasta 20 %), lo que afecta de forma directa el diseño de la estructura. Este estudio concluye que es necesaria la inclusión de la interacción suelo estructura en el diseño estructural en el rango lineal.

ABSTRACT Structural engineers commonly design superstructures as fixed at the base and transmit the reactions to the infrastructure in order to design the foundation system and estimate the displacement of the soil while disregarding the change in seismic response that this induces. In this article, the foundation system was transformed into equivalent springs, and the seismic response in the linear range was compared and quantified, obtaining results such as increased periods, increased amounts of steel reinforcement in beams (between 7% and 25%) and columns (between 29% and 39%), an increase in the number of stirrups per linear meter (between 3% and 11% in columns and between 5% and 45% in beams) and drifts (between 1% and 14%), and a decrease in basal shear (up to 20%), which directly affects the design of the structure. This study concludes that the inclusion of the soil-structure interaction is necessary for structural design in the linear range.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse the current literature on the effects of hydrotherapy on pain in people diagnosed with osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia. Methodology: The search for information for the literature review was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scielo and Clinicalkey, comprised between 2010 and 2021, although the articles chosen range from 2011 onwards, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were chosen for the review, selecting 11 for fibromyalgia and 9 for osteoarthritis. Results: The structure of the interventions were similar with a duration of 45 to 60 minutes, starting with joint mobility or stretching, then general strengthening or aerobic exercise, and ending with stretching. In the fibromyalgia articles a significant improvement on pain was found in 90.9 % of the studies and 88.8 % for the osteoarthritis studies. Conclusions: Hydrotherapy has short-term benefits on pain in fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la bibliografía actual respecto a los efectos de la hidroterapia sobre el dolor en personas con diagnóstico de osteoartritis o fibromialgia. Metodología: Se realizó la búsqueda de la información para la revisión bibliográfica utilizando las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scielo y Clinicalkey, comprendidos entre el año 2010 y 2021, aunque los artículos elegidos van del 2011 en adelante. Teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se escogieron 20 artículos para la revisión, seleccionando 11 para fibromialgia y 9 para osteoartritis. Resultados: La estructura de las intervenciones fueron similares con una duración de 45 a 60 minutos. Se comenzaba con movilidad articular o estiramientos, luego fortalecimiento general o ejercicio aeróbico, y se finalizaba con estiramientos. En los artículos de fibromialgia se encontró una mejora significativa sobre el dolor en el 90,9 % de los estudios y en un 88,8 % para los estudios de osteoartritis. Conclusiones: La hidroterapia tiene beneficios a corto plazo sobre el dolor en fibromialgia y la osteoartritis.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the extraction of colorant from the pulp of the fruit of calabash tree (Crescentia cujete L.) obtained in Granada (Meta, Colombia). Such extraction was performed using three different solvents (water, sodium hydroxide, and ethanol) to determine (1) the solvent that offers the highest yield and the greatest stability in resistance tests applied to a textile product and (2) the metabolites present in the samples. For this purpose, the dye was extracted by the digestion method, where 150 g of pulp were placed in three different beakers, adding water, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide until a volume of 300 ml was reached over 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour, respectively, at a constant agitation and a temperature of 75 °C. The residues were filtered and weighed. The samples thus obtained were used to dye 2x2-cm pieces of cotton, which were subjected to resistance tests with acids and alkalis, high temperatures, and detergent. The final color was determined by a colorimeter to obtain its coordinates in the CIEL*a*b* color space. Finally, by means of spectrophotometry and peaks in the absorbance spectrum plots, it was possible to study the presence of organic pigments in the samples. The NaOH solvent achieved the best performance in the resistance tests. In turn, the sample dyed with the colorant extracted using ethanol showed a total color difference of ΔE = 3.41, which was the lowest color loss in this study. The sample treated with NaOH exhibited peaks at 270-370 nm, indicating the presence of flavonoids; and that treated with ethanol, peaks at 665-700 nm, signaling the presence of saponins. According to the above, it is possible to extract a colorant from the calabash tree fruit, which makes it a potential agro-industrial raw material.

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la extracción del colorante de la pulpa del fruto de totumo (Crescentia cujete L.) obtenido en el municipio de Granada, departamento del Meta. Para ello se usaron tres distintos solventes: agua, hidróxido de sodio y etanol, lo cual permitió determinar el colorante de mayor rendimiento, el más estable ante pruebas de resistencia aplicado en un producto textil y la determinación de metabolitos. Esto se logró mediante la extracción del colorante por el método de digestión, en donde se agregó 150 g de pulpa a tres vasos diferentes de precipitado, adicionando agua, etanol e hidróxido de sodio hasta alcanzar un volumen de 300 ml durante un tiempo de 20 minutos, 30 minutos y 1 hora, respectivamente, a una agitación y temperatura constante de 75 °C. Se filtraron y pesaron los residuos y, una vez obtenidas las muestras, estas se utilizaron para teñir fragmentos de algodón de 2 x 2 cm, los cuales se sometieron a pruebas de resistencia con ácidos y álcalis, altas temperaturas y detergente. El color final se determinó empleando el colorímetro para obtener las coordenadas del círculo cromático de la escala CIEL a* b*. Finalmente, mediante espectrofotometría, se logró, por medio de los rangos de longitud de onda, considerar la existencia de pigmentos orgánicos presentes en dichas muestras. Se evidenció que el NaOH fue el solvente de mayor rendimiento. La muestra teñida con colorante extraído con etanol dio una diferencia total de color ΔE = 3,41, considerándolo el de menor pérdida de color. Para la muestra con NaOH se obtuvo un rango de 270-370 nm, lo que indica presencia de flavonoides y, para el extracto con etanol se obtuvo un rango de 665-700 nm, lo cual indica presencia de saponinas. De acuerdo con lo anterior, es posible efectuar la extracción de color a partir del totumo, lo cual convierte este producto en una materia prima con potencial agroindustrial.

Abstract Crisis in coronavirus times requires understanding the effects on society and establishing efficient mechanisms to prevent infections. The disinfection of personal protection equipment by UVC light remains a key opportunity area. Therefore, this letter presents the main drawbacks and challenges on the fabrication of deep ultraviolet LEDs based on III-nitrides, such as the substrate selection, dislocation reduction, the increase of external quantum efficiency, enhancement of the radiative recombination in the active region, the complications to reach high Al content in AlGaN-based UVC LED avoiding the reduction of the p-doping, replacing the p-GaN contact layer by p-AlGaN without hindering the deposition of ohmic contacts. Furthermore, the cubic phase is suggested as a promising candidate for AlGaN UVC-LEDs applications as is discussed in this work.

Abstract Objective: To determine the evolution, associated factors and the outcomes of transplanted people one year after the evolution of a cohort in Mexico. Method: Kidney transplant cohort from 2013 to 2017 in Mexico. 1118 patients were analyzed. Five outcomes were studied: overall survival, kidney graft, patient survival, delayed function, and acute dysfunction. Kaplan-Meier was used for kidney graft survival. For risk, bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed with a significant value of p < 0.05. Results: Of the 1118 kidney transplant patients, 57 (5.09%) had kidney graft loss, 52 (4.65%) died during the one-year follow-up; survival of the patient of 95.35% and of the graft 90.25%. Conclusions: The risk factors for the outcomes were transplantation from a deceased donor, recipient over 50 years of age and use of polyclonal agents. Infections and age are related to the death of the patient.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la funcionalidad del injerto renal a 1 año en una cohorte retrospectiva en México. Método: Cohorte de trasplante renal de 2013 a 2017 en México. Se analizaron 1118 pacientes. Se estudiaron cinco desenlaces: supervivencia global, supervivencia del injerto renal, supervivencia del paciente, función retardada y disfunción aguda. Para la supervivencia del injerto renal se usó Kaplan-Meier. Para el riesgo se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado con valor significativo p < 0.05. Resultados: De los 1118 pacientes con trasplante renal, 57 (5.09%) tuvieron pérdida del injerto, 52 (4.65 %) fallecieron durante el año de seguimiento; la supervivencia del paciente fue del 95.35% y la supervivencia del injerto fue del 90.25%. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo para los desenlaces fueron trasplante de donante fallecido, receptor mayor de 50 años y uso de agentes policlonales. Las infecciones y la edad están relacionadas con la muerte del paciente.

Abstract We report the growth of In0.145Ga0.855As0.132Sb0.868 layers on GaSb(100) substrates by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique using the ramp-cooling method. We achieved a near-lattice-matched epitaxial growth with a lattice mismatch of Δ a / a = - 4.1 × 10 - 4 between the quaternary layer and GaSb(100) substrate due to optimal growth parameters. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (AC-STEM) confirmed the high crystalline quality of the quaternary layer and the low lattice mismatch in the heterostructure, without the presence of linear or planar defects. Also, the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) technique evidenced a uniform distribution of the atomic elements along the quaternary layer and an abrupt interface between the In0.145Ga0.855As0.132Sb0.868 layer and the GaSb substrate. Plasmon-phonon interactions were observed by Raman spectroscopy indicating that the crystalline quality increases at greater depth in the sample with respect to the surface. The quaternary layer presented a uniform and flat morphology, and luminescence emission attributed to the recombination of bound exciton states at 641 meV. The structural, chemical, and optical properties of the In0.145Ga0.855As0.132Sb0.868 layer demonstrated that it could be auspicious material for infrared range optoelectronic applications. Likewise, the LPE technique successfully shows that it should be used to grow near-lattice-matched heterostructures.

Resumen Las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) son consideradas un problema de salud pública debido a su alto índice de morbilidad en la población mexicana. Por ello, este trabajo está enfocado a la detección de anti- IgA-H. pylori por medio de la prueba de ELISA y la evaluación de subpoblaciones linfocitarias por citometría de flujo en sangre periférica de población adulta de una zona rural del estado de Morelos. Se trabajó con 79 participantes adultos (edad de 42 ± 13.7 años), de los cuales 57% (n = 45) fueron seropositivos y 43% (n = 24) seronegativos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en leucocitos, ni en células efectoras, solo una pequeña tendencia a aumentar las células de memoria CD4+ y CD8+ en individuos seropositivos a H. pylori, así como una disminución en células CD8+ dobles positivos (CD8+CD45RA+CD45RO+, p < 0.05). Probablemente no existen diferencias relevantes debido a la capacidad de la bacteria para evadir la respuesta inmunológica.

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are considered a public health problem due to its high morbidity rate in the Mexican population. Therefore, this work is focused on the detection of anti-IgA-H. pylori by ELISA blood test and the evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of adult population from a rural area of the state of Morelos. We worked with 79 adult participants (aged 42 ± 13.7 years), of which 57% (n = 45) were seropositive and 43% (n = 24) seronegative. No statistically significant differences were found in leukocytes, or effector cells, only a small tendency to increase both CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells, in H. pylori seropositive individuals, and a decrease in double positive CD8+ cells (CD8+CD45RA+CD45RO+, p < 0.05). There are probably no relevant differences due to the capacity of the bacterium to evade the immune response.

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the Efficient Market Hypothesis for automated high-frequency stock markets. Using the Hurst exponent as a measure of efficiency, we show that the time series of high-frequency stock prices do not follow random walks, rejecting then (as we discuss in the text) the EMH for these markets.

The contact between Natives Americans and Spaniards during The Spanish Colony produced significant changes in different aspects of the ways of life of both groups, and particularly in the food sphere, new species of vegetables were introduced with their culinary practices. The paper aims to recognize the food resources presented in the Guayascate area (Córdoba, Argentina) during the Early Colonial Period (16th and 17th centuries) and to draw some associated practices . We conjecture there was a cultural mixture in the configuration of the diet in such a way that the groups incorporated resources and ways of food-processing the "other" without discontinuing some culinary practices. It is a contribution that initiates discussions on the subject for the study region and is part of the preliminary recognition of cultural developments in the southern border of the Government of Tucumán.

El contacto entre nativos americanos y españoles durante la Colonia produjo grandes cambios en diferentes aspectos de los modos de vida de ambos grupos, y particularmente en la esfera alimenticia se introdujeron nuevas especies de vegetales con sus prácticas culinarias. El objetivo de este trabajo es reconocer los recursos alimenticios presentes en el paraje Guayascate (Córdoba, Argentina) durante el Período Colonial Temprano (siglos XVI y XVII) y trazar algunas referencias acerca de las prácticas asociadas a su ingesta. Partimos de la conjetura de que se produjo un mestizaje en la configuración de la dieta de modo tal, que los grupos incorporaron recursos o modos de procesamiento del "otro" sin discontinuar algunas prácticas culinarias. Se trata de un aporte que inicia las discusiones concernientes al tema para la región de estudio y que forma parte de los reconocimientos preliminares de los desarrollos culturales en la frontera sur de la Gobernación del Tucumán.

Introduction. The acquisition of clinical diagnostic competence in undergraduate Dentistry students must be enhanced with teaching methodologies that allow them to carry out continuous and autonomous learning of clinical subjects. Aim. The objective of this work is to analyze the students’ perception of the use of the Kahoot® tool in the subject of Oral Medicine (3rd year of the Degree) as an educational strategy for the recognition of oral lesions by conducting a satisfaction survey on its use. The Kahoot® tool allows teachers to pose multiple-answer, or true-false, questions that students must answer in a limited time through their personal computers, mobile phones, or other electronic devices connected to the wifi network. After each answer, the tool records the correct option and the results obtained by each student, as well as their final score and the overall score for the group. Materials and methods. We used Kahoot® in 5 of the thematic units of the program during the lectures/expositive classes. Subsequently, we performed an assessment test on the students using a Likert scale (1-5) to record ease of use and satisfaction with use. Results. The results obtained in the items ease of use of the system (4.31 ± 0.74), motivation (4.18 ± 0.75) and ability to clarify knowledge (4.13 ± 0.61) show the assessment positive by the students. Conclusions. This learning methodology based on games has favored the learning of theoretical-practical concepts and the acquisition of transversal and specific competences of the degree of Dentistry in addition to promoting participation and learning in the classroom, guiding the students on the main contents of the program allowing a interactive evaluation of student performance.

Introducción. La adquisición de competencia clínica de diagnóstico en el alumnado de grado de Odontología debe potenciarse con metodologías docentes que le permitan realizar un aprendizaje continuo y autónomo de las materias clínicas. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la utilización de la herramienta Kahoot® en la asignatura de Medicina Oral (tercer curso del grado) como estrategia educativa para el reconocimiento de lesiones orales mediante la realización de una encuesta de satisfacción sobre su uso. La herramienta Kahoot® permite a los docentes plantear cuestiones de respuesta múltiple o de verdadero-falso que los alumnos deben responder en un tiempo limitado a través de sus ordenadores personales, teléfonos móviles u otros dispositivos electrónicos conectados a la red wifi. Tras cada respuesta, la herramienta registra la opción correcta y los resultados obtenidos por cada alumno/a, así como su puntuación final y la global del grupo. Materiales y método. Empleamos Kahoot® en cinco de las unidades temáticas del programa durante las clases expositivas. Posteriormente, realizamos al alumnado un test de valoración mediante una escala de tipo Likert (1-5) para registrar la facilidad de utilización y la satisfacción de uso. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos en los ítems facilidad de uso del sistema (4,31 ± 0,74), motivación (4,18 ± 0,75) y capacidad para aclarar conocimientos (4,13 ± 0,61) muestran una valoración positiva por el alumnado. Conclusiones. Esta metodología de aprendizaje a partir de juegos ha favorecido la enseñanza de conceptos teórico-prácticos y la adquisición de competencias transversales y específicas del grado de Odontología, además de fomentar la participación y el aprendizaje en el aula, lo que orienta al alumnado sobre los principales contenidos del programa y permite una evaluación interactiva de su rendimiento.